What is denormalization in the context of databases?

Denormalization refers specifically to the process of combining tables in a database to enhance read performance. In a normalized database, data is organized into multiple tables to minimize redundancy and ensure data integrity, which can lead to complex queries involving multiple joins. By denormalizing, certain data may be combined into fewer tables, which simplifies the queries needed to retrieve data, resulting in faster read operations.

This approach is particularly useful in environments where read operations significantly outnumber write operations, as it allows for quicker access to the data needed for reporting or user queries. While denormalization can improve performance in certain scenarios, it can introduce data redundancy and potential anomalies, therefore it is essential to balance these considerations based on the specific needs of the database application.

The other options do not accurately define denormalization: encrypting data pertains to security, improving write performance typically involves methods like indexing or partitioning, and data input practices do not relate to the structural adjustments that denormalization entails.