The properties of 'Atomicity,' 'Consistency,' 'Isolation,' and 'Durability' are associated with which concept in databases?

The properties of 'Atomicity,' 'Consistency,' 'Isolation,' and 'Durability' are foundational concepts in transaction management within databases, known collectively as the ACID properties.

Atomicity ensures that a transaction is treated as a single unit of work; either all operations of the transaction are executed successfully or none at all. This prevents partial updates that could lead to data inconsistency.

Consistency guarantees that a transaction brings the database from one valid state to another, maintaining all predefined rules, such as constraints and relationships. This ensures that any data written to the database is valid according to the defined schema.

Isolation is the property that transactions are securely and independently processed at the same time without interference, ensuring that intermediate states of a transaction are not visible to other transactions. This avoids potential conflicts and ensures data integrity.

Durability ensures that once a transaction has been committed, it remains so, even in the event of a power loss, crash, or error. This guarantees that the effects of a completed transaction are permanently recorded in the database.

The ACID properties collectively enhance the reliability and integrity of database transactions, making them a critical concept in database management systems. The other options do not encapsulate these fundamental principles related to transaction processing, which distinctly align with the